Quantum Computer Science: An Introduction
Author: N David Mermin
In the 1990's it was realized that quantum physics has some spectacular applications in computer science. This book is a concise introduction to quantum computation, developing the basic elements of this new branch of computational theory without assuming any background in physics. It begins with an introduction to the quantum theory from a computer-science perspective. It illustrates the quantum-computational approach with several elementary examples of quantum speed-up, before moving to the major applications: Shor's factoring algorithm, Grover's search algorithm, and quantum error correction. The book is intended primarily for computer scientists who know nothing about quantum theory, but will also be of interest to physicists who want to learn the theory of quantum computation, and philosophers of science interested in quantum foundational issues. It evolved during six years of teaching the subject to undergraduates and graduate students in computer science, mathematics, engineering, and physics, at Cornell University.
Table of Contents:
Preface xiA note on references xv
Cbits and Qbits 1
What is a quantum computer? 1
Cbits and their states 3
Reversible operations on Cbits 8
Manipulating operations on Cbits 11
Qbits and their states 17
Reversible operations on Qbits 19
Circuit diagrams 21
Measurement gates and the Born rule 23
The generalized Born rule 28
Measurement gates and state preparation 30
Constructing arbitrary 1- and 2-Qbit states 32
Summary: Qbits versus Cbits 34
General features and some simple examples 36
The general computational process 36
Deutsch's problem 41
Why additional Qbits needn't mess things up 46
The Bernstein-Vazirani problem 50
Simon's problem 54
Constructing Toffoli gates 58
Breaking RSA encryption 63
Period finding, factoring, and cryptography 63
Number-theoretic preliminaries 64
RSA encryption 66
Quantum period finding: preliminary remarks 68
The quantum Fourier transform 71
Eliminating the 2-Qbit gates 76
Finding the period 79
Calculating the periodic function 83
The unimportance of small phase errors 84
Period finding and factoring 86
Searching with a quantum computer 88
The nature of the search 88
The Grover iteration 89
How to construct W 94
Generalization to several special numbers 96
Searching for one out of four items 98
Quantum error correction 99
The miracle of quantum error correction 99
A simplified example 100
The physics of error generation 109
Diagnosing error syndromes 113
The 5-Qbit error-correcting code 117
The 7-Qbit error-correcting code 121
Operations on 7-Qbit codewords 124
A 7-Qbit encoding circuit 127
A 5-Qbit encoding circuit 128
Protocols that use just a few Qbits 136
Bell states 136
Quantum cryptography 137
Bit commitment 143
Quantum dense coding 146
Teleportation 149
The GHZ puzzle 154
Appendices 159
Vector spaces: basic properties and Dirac notation 159
Structure of the general 1-Qbit unitary transformation 168
Structure of the general 1-Qbit state 173
Spooky action at a distance 175
Consistency of the generalized Born rule 181
Other aspects of Deutsch's problem 183
The probability of success in Simon's problem 187
One way to make a cNOT gate 189
A little elementary group theory 193
Some simple number theory 195
Period finding and continued fractions 197
Better estimates of success in period finding 201
Factoring and period finding 203
Shor's 9-Qbit error-correcting code 207
A circuit-diagrammatic treatment of the 7-Qbit code 210
On bit commitment 216
Index 218
Book review: Intrinsic Motivation and Self Determination in Exercise and Sport or FDA Regulatory Affairs
Birt: A Field Guide to Reporting (Eclipse Series)
Author: Diana Peh
The world-wide developer community has downloaded over three million copies of BIRT (Business Intelligence and Reporting Tools) from the Eclipse web site. Built on the open-source Eclipse platform, BIRT is a powerful reporting system that provides an end-to-end solution, from creating and deploying reports to integrating report capabilities in enterprise applications.
The first in a two-book series about this exciting technology, BIRT, Second Edition: A Field Guide to Reporting is the authoritative guide to using BIRT Report Designer, the graphical tool that enables users of all levels to build reports, simple to sophisticated, without any programming.
BIRT, Second Edition: A Field Guide to Reporting is an essential resource for users who want to create presentation quality reports from day one. The extensive examples, step-by-step instructions, and abundant illustrations help new users develop their report design skills quickly. Power users can find the information they need to make the most of the product’s rich set of features to build complex and compelling reports. By the time you finish this book, you learn the following and more
- Design effective business and corporate reports that convey information through images, charts, tables, and cross tabs
- Build reports using data from a variety of sources, including databases, XML documents, spreadsheets, and web services
- Enliven reports with interactive features, such as hyperlinks, Tooltips, and highlighting
- Create consistently styled reports and collaborate with other report designers through the use of templates and libraries of reusableelements
- Localize reports for an international audience
This second edition, revised and expanded, adds updated examples and covers all the new and improved product features, including
- Cross tabs and OLAP cubes
- New chart types, including Gantt, bubble, tube, and cone charts
- Web services as a new data source
- New report output formats, including doc, ppt, xls, and PostScript
- The capability for reports to reference CSS
- Localization of report parameter and data values
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